Anticonvulsant effect of the ethanol extract of Caesalpiniapulcherrima (L.) Sw., Fabaceae, leaves / Efeito anticonvulsivante do extrato etanólico das folhas de Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Fabaceae

In this study, ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Fabaceae, leaves (CPEE) was investigated for anticonvulsant effect against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in rats and mice at dose levels 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p. respectively. Diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard anticonvulsant drug for comparison. CPEE was found to be safe up to the dose of 4000 mg/kg in mice, when administered intraperitoneally. The extract at 400 mg/kg dose produced significant (p<0.01) anticonvulsant effect w.r.t. control against PTZ-induced clonic seizures. In MES-induced seizure model, there were no significant alterations in the onset as well as duration of hind limb extension seizures as compared to control at a dose of 200 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally. However, the extract (CPEE, 400 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (p<0.01) delayed the onset as well as decreased the duration of hind limb extension seizures (HLES) as compared to control. However, the extract, CPEE, percentage protection of the animals was increased at higher dose (200 mg/kg) in both the models. The results of the study suggest that ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. leaves possess anticonvulsant effect.

Neste estudo, foi investigada o efeito anticonvulsivante do extrato etanólico das folhas de Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Fabaceae (CPEE), utilizando convulsões induzidas por eletrochoque máximo (MES) e pentilenetetrazol (PTZ), em ratos e camundongos, nas doses 200 e 400 mg/kg, i.p., respectivamente. Diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.p.) foi usado como uma droga anticonvulsivante padrão. O extrato (CPEE) foi seguro até a dose de 4000 mg/kg em camundongos, quando administrado por via intraperitoneal. O extrato de 400 mg/kg produziu efeito anticonvulsivante contra induções por PTZ de forma significativa (p<0,01). Em modelo de convulsão induzida por MES, não houve alterações significativas no início, bem como a duração das crises de extensão dos membros pélvicos em relação ao controle na dose de 200 mg/kg quando administrada por via intraperitoneal. No entanto, o extrato (CPEE, 400 mg/kg i.p.), de forma significativa (p<0,01), atrasou o início, como também diminuiu a duração das crises de extensão dos membros posteriores (HLES) em relação ao controle. O extrato (CPEE) aumentou a percentagem de proteção dos animais em dose maior (200 mg/kg) em ambos os modelos. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que o extrato etanólico de folhas de Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. possui efeito anticonvulsivante.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillatory implantation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena cava atresia.

Persistence of a left superior vena cava has been observed in 0.3% of the general population as established by autopsy findings. In the adult population. it is an important anatomic finding if a left or right superior vena cava approach to the heart is considered for device implantation. We present a case with persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena cava atresia in whom a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted and was technically challenging.